Radiator



' July 7, 1931. 17. E. MURRAY 1,813,123

' RADIATOR Filed May 5, 1927 my:- a I!!! 75 INVENTOR 77/004 449 EMUfiR/Q).

A TTORNEY Patented Jul 7", 1931 UNITED STATES "PATENT: OFFICE THOMAS E. MURRAY, BROOKLYN, NEW YORK; JOSEPH BRADLEY MURRAY, THOMAS E. MURiRAY, JR., AND JOHN F. MURRAY,'

EXEGUTORS OE'SAID TROMAS E. MURRAY,

DECEASED, ASSIGNORS TO MURRAY RADIATOR GORPORA'I'ION, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK RADIATOR Application enem -5, 1927. Serial No. 188,890.

The invention relates to a style of radiator including a heating element and a radiating structure forming. vertically extending fines for inducing an upwardcirculation of air.

The accompanying drawings illustrate embodiments of the invention.

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a complete I radiator;

pipe 3.

The sides of the chamber are engaged by a radiating structure which conducts the heat out into the surrounding air. This is made of a series of plates 4 each of which extends laterally on both sides of the chamber. The plates are arranged in pairs 4 and 4 the plates of each pair .being separated at the center and united at their outeredges 5, where they are braced by longitudlnal braces 6, preferably in the form of anglebars embracing the corners of the" radlatlng.

structure, and thus servingalso to prevent accidental contact ofa person with such cor-- ners. The braces 6 at the front land back respectively are not connectedto each other. I

They may be light strips of just suflicient size to guard the sharp corners or to stifi'en the angles; theradiating structure constitut- I ing the outermost portion of the radiator.

The plates 4 are' fastened to" the sides'of the chamber and are'welded or soldered to:

'of attachment, the plates 10 may be drawn the latter as, for example, by arc-weld deposited metal 7. Each pair of plates makes approximately a diamond, shaped figure in plan,- and -thei'rcentral portions are retracted or bent inward as at 8 so that one pair'may be brought close up tothe next and still leave space for the welding operation. l Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate a; difierent construction of the radiating structure which is better adapted for manufacturing and for the heating element.

applying to the heating element; and illustrate also a difierent type of heating element. 7

The radiating structure is made of sheets or plates corrugated in'horizontal section.

The corrugations may be of various shapes and proportions. As illustrated, the bent sheets are formed into outer and inner longitudinal plates 9 and 10 connected by transverse plates 11 which are similar in function to the plates 4 and 4 of Fig. 2. They are in pairs separated at the center and united at their outer edges through the plates 9. The exposed edges of the plates at the outer angles of the corrugations are protected by braces 12 similar to the braces 6 of Fig. 2. Such a radiating structure may be applied to the steam chamber of Fig. 1 or to heating elements of various other types.

The heating element in Figs. 4 and 5 is a horizontal pipe 13 for steam or other heating medium. The radiator is best adapted for hightemperature heating mediums. Instead of a steam pipe an electric heating element may be used such, for example, as those of rod or strip form carrying a resistance element encased inmetal. Instead of a single pipe or heating element two or more such 'elementsmay'beused, one above another.

. The inner portions of the corrugations are stamped-out to the form shown in Fig. 6 so as to provide recesses 14 embracing-the pipe '13 and to make contact therewith over aconsiderable area. Corrugated plates" thus shaped can be readily applied to the sides ,of the pipe and united intimately thereto bya metal connection as by welding or soldering.- A coating of solder may be applied over the meeting. faces of the pipe 13 with the parts 14. In addition, or as the sole means closely together above and below the pipe andunited to each other by welds 15 Fig. 6) or by bolts, rivets or other fastening means.

In certain locations it is not essential to have theradiating structure on both sides of For such cases we would'use only one of the corrugated plates of Fig. 4. Assuming such plates onboth sides, the inner portions of the corrugations may be spaced as c too and loottom of the pipe The plates foam closed vertical fines with the adjoining plates. ill. The intermediate spaces 1 inch omen ovn shin the outside as shown is may I 0 he enclosed by suppl ntary plates or by a c ue effect va rious other shapes ma be given to radiat ing structure to produces similar time effect,

A fBiLilUT Ei of importance in connection with the ii? tion is the composition and structure oi? -aateicials which used. lpi'etectoiisc to]: the heati ment and to? the rat's stnictui'e i of great heat cond y. Uoppei crass and zinc have in this res aect a superiority over the commons 'te'tals c I prefer to use a cupicns metal (hv v .c' 1 mean copper sconce Oi alloy of copper} and to e .i'atively thin sheets; and have c i Way I can malls radi 31 of coinpta iel v' low cost, notwithstandingthe extra cost copper compared el and of a 1y increased etliciency,

Whe e a heating ch in Fig. is used, ll sheets of copper c ans 3 :L of rolled sheets so to secure teiior surface f with the And a coipai ativel y nher: can he used and will take the this stream the hea l 1y. Ihelieve also for the s L' l i orniatioa sheiece of air valve metal. the corner hraces stiffen it the edges and prevent accidental lllzllll h For the design of Figs. 1 to 3, ll may use for the radiating structure plates of about one-sixteenth of an inch or less in thickness, and even as thin as one-sixtytourth of an inch. Such plates can he extended outward from the heating chamber for a distance of oi'e t ian one inch and up to about live inches. his he between three iive inches, then I have found by experiment the most economical distance between the centers of the successive chimneys oi: flees (spaces hetvvee the plates and t of each pair) is a and one-quarter inches; and the G ov as indicated in the drawings.

example; of Width of as lit cu lltQ'i of an inch, assuming the oster of inlet l t-o he one inch; the Width of the chainher should be less than this so as to cause the Stem to enter and leave the chamber a atively hi velocity that is a velocity than that at which it enters the chamber. This increasedvelocity gives scriihloins; action on the sides of one chainhei which tends assist in avoiding accumula ct air,- and the velocity tends prevent e accumulation, of ii" pockets,

the desig l s of one-h ave 11 ed an inch c inch i cen er 01 was made 0 "each alien in site is i J its limited only by the requirements of conduction of heat outward from the heating element. Increased stiiiness for a given weight may be secured by stamping smallcorrugations in the plates 9 and 11 of the radiating structure, and various other known methods of stiffening plates may be resorted to. These expedients will be particularly useful When the radiating structure is made or" deposited copper instead of rolled sheets.

The use of thin sheets of copper or the like described above may be applied not only to the particular constructions disclosed herein, but .to radiators of 'various other constructions; such for example, as those in my previous. application No. 709,080 and Patent No.- 1,699,542, January 22, 1929. It maybe applied also to various similar structures for passing a heating medium througha chamber or pipe and heating the surrounding air by direct contact with such chamber without the aid of additional radiating structures; such for example, as are described in my previous application No. 643,941 and my previous Patents No. 1,633,-

601, June 28, ,1927-and No. 1,715,378, June 4,

1929. And the radiators of Fig. 1 and similar designshave this advantage that they can ber of the typeshownin connection with Fig.

1 may be used with a .radiating structure such as I have described in connection with Fig. 4; and that such a radiating structure as is described in, connection with Fig. 1 may be used in connection with a heating element 6 or elementsof the types described in connection with Fig. 4.

The radiator may be equally used for cooling air by circulating cold brine or the like through the pipes so that the latter become a heating element only in the negative sense,

that is, they extract heat from the radiating structure and induce a flow of the cool air downward through the flue's similar to the upward circulation of air induced by the passage of steam through the pipes.

An important-feature of the invention is the great height of the'transversely extending plates compared with their width. .They

' form heated vertical air ducts which are unimpeded throughout their height, leaving a clear duct space" between the transverse plates. The cool air enters the lower ends and open sides of the spaces between the closed fines and rises between the walls of the adjacent'fiues in theform of a horizontal series of vertical columns of air which are progressively heated on both sides by prolonged contact with the heated walls and are thus impelled rapidly upward so as to accelerate the circulation of the heated air columns upward from the ducts and throughout the room or inclosure to be heated. The spaces between the two plates which converge at their outer edges are not merely ducts but in fact fiues closed in cross section and adapted to produce an even greater draft upward than the ducts between such flues.

The result of this structure of vertical ducts is that instead of a relatively stationary or slowly rising and laterally diffusing overheated body of air around a heating element, and unheated air in the remainder of the room or inclosure, there is obtained a greatly accelerated ascent of warm columns oi air through the heated ducts and upward therefrom and thus a forced circulation and distribution of evenly heated air throughout the entire inclosure. And this efi'ect is all the greater when the plates are made of thin cuprous metal, contributing a large contact surface to heat and accelerate the circulation of the air in the ducts and requiring a heater of extremely small size in comparison with the ordinary type of radiator for the same duty.

Various other modifications may be made by those skilled in the art'without departure from the invention as defined in the followin claims.

Vhat I claim is:

1. A radiator including in combination a chamber for the heating medium and a sheet metal radiating structure engaging said chamber and comprising a series of plates extending horizontally on both sides of the chamber said plates being in pairs, the two plates of each pair being separated from each other at the center and united to each other at their outer edges, so as to form vertical fines for heating the air and inducing a draft and circulation of the heated air.

2. A radiator including in combination a chamber for the heating medium'and a sheet metal radiating structure engaging said chamber and comprising a series of plates extending laterally on both sides ofthe chamber said plates being in pairs separated at the center and united at their outer edges, and braces engaging the longitudinal edges ofsaid plates.

3. A radiator including in combination achamber for the heating medium and a sheet metal radiating structure lengagin extending laterally on both sides of the chamher said plates being in pairs separated at said chamber and comprising a series 0 plates i. A stationary radiator heating the air for a room having a chamber with thin flexible, flat upright sides for steam or other high temperature heating medium and a radiating and stiiiening structure united by a metal connection directly to the chamber and constituting the outer portion of the radiator and comprising a longitudinal series of thin plates extending ou ward from said chamber and forming with said chamber straight vertical fines open at top and bot tom to induce an upward circulation of air through said radiating stiaicture.

5. A stationary radiator for heating air and inducing an upward circulation thereof including in combination a chamber for steam or other high temperature heating medium made of thin. cuprous metal and radiating structure comprising thin plates at opposite sides of the chamber united by a metal connection to each other and extending outward from said chamber and upward and forming with said chamber vertical flue's closed at the sides and open on top and bottom to induce an upward circulation ot air through said radiating structure.

6. A stationary radiator for heating air and inducing an. upward circulation thereof including in combination a chamber for steam or other high temperature heating me dium and a radiating structure comprising thin plates of cuprous metal at opposite sides of the chamber united by a metal. connection to each other and extending outward from said chamber and upward and forming with said chamber vertical iiues closed at the sides and open on top and bottom to induce an upward circulation of air through said radiating structure.

7. A stationary radiator for heating air and inducing an upward circulation thereof including in combination a chamber for steam or other high temperature heating medium made of thin cuprous metal and a radiating structure comprising thin plates of cuprous metal at opposite sides of the chamber united by a metal connection to each other and extending outward from said chamber and upward and forming with said chamber vertical flues closed at the sides and open on top and bottom to induce an upward circulation of air through said radiating structure.

8. A heater lncluding in combination a horizontally extending heating element and an extended-area structure engaging the same and comprising a longitudinal series of transverse heat conducting plates of thin cuprous metal fixed'to the heating element in heat conducting relation thereto, said plates extending vertically beyond the heating element so as to provide correspondingly extended air-heating surfaces, said plates being substantially free of intervening obstructions and having a height relatively great compared to their width and forming a longitudinal series of unimpeded heated vertical air ducts.

9. A radiator including in combination a chamber for the heating medium of substan tially greater height than width and made of sheet metalso thin in proportion to its other dimensions as to be capable of flexing under the internal pressure and a radiating structure applieddirectly to the opposite upright sides of said chamber and constituting the outer portion of the radiator and comprising a longitudinal series of thin plates extending lengthwise along the side of the chamber with vertical air passages between them and extending laterally outward from said chamber so as to form transverse ribs which by their shape stiffen said thin walls against flexing and distorting the chamber.

10. A heater including in combination a horizontally extending heating element and an extended-area structure engaging the same and comprising a longitudinal series of trans verse heat conducting plates, each plate extending on both sides of and being fixed to the heating element in heat conducting relation thereto, said plates being substantially free of intervening obstructions and having a height relatively great compared to their width and forming a longitudinal series of unimpeded heated vertical air ducts.

1 1. A stationary radiator for heating the air of a room having a chamber for the heating medium with fiat upright sheet metal sides and a radiating structure united by a metal connection directly to the sides of said chamber and constituting the outer portion of the radiator and comprising a longitudinal -series of thin plates extending outward from said chamber with vertical passages between them for inducing an upward circulation of the heated air.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto signed 

